Resources

India, the world’s largest tractor market, sold over 10 lakh units tractors in 2022, accounting for 45% of global tractor production. While tractors are indispensable for modern farming, their heavy reliance on diesel contributes significantly to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with agriculture and transportation responsible for 14 and 8.36% to India’s national GHG emissions respectively.…

Buses form the backbone of public transportation in India, catering to 39.9 crore (399 million) passengers daily and accounting for over 90% of all public transport trips. As part of a broader goal to reduce transport emissions, India is looking to electrify up to 800,000 buses in the next seven years, including public, private and institutional fleet. Given the different dynamics of operating…

India plans to deploy 50,000-60,000 e-buses in the coming years. As e-bus deployment is a capital-intensive exercise, effective and innovative financing pathways become critical for scaling up India’s e-bus ambitions successfully.

This working paper aims to understand the early-stage challenges in India’s e-bus financing from financier and operator perspectives, drawing from various…

Bengaluru's public transportation system is struggling to keep up with the city's growing employment opportunities and urban expansion, and severe traffic congestion is hurting workforce productivity, livability and competitiveness. This paper highlights the critical need for integrated planning and bringing jobs closer to mass transit through the adoption of transit-oriented development…

The global demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is expected to increase because of the rising demand for electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy. Therefore, effective integration of circularity in the supply chain of LIBs is crucial to secure critical minerals, decrease primary mining demand, and reduce the environmental impact. WRI India hosted a panel discussion titled “Lithium-ion…

Electric three-wheelers, particularly electric rickshaws, are a crucial mode of affordable and shared mobility in Indian cities, serving over 3 million people in their daily commutes. They are popular both in urban centers and remote areas, providing essential connectivity between small towns and villages.

E-rickshaws contribute significantly to environmental sustainability and…

‘The proceedings summarize the reflections of stakeholders from a workshop hosted in October 2023 by WRI India in partnership with the Youth for Unity and Voluntary Action (YUVA). The intention of the workshop was to explore collaborative maintenance models for the ecological restoration of underused public open spaces in Mumbai’s low-income communities (R&R colonies, transit…

Auto-rickshaws are a key mode of affordable and shared mobility in Indian cities, serving up to 25 percent of all motorized trips. They are especially popular among women and other vulnerable groups who have lower vehicle ownership and diverse travel needs that public transport networks do not meet.

Electric auto-rickshaws (e-autos) offer significant environmental and socio-economic…

Based on WRI India’s work in Maharashtra, Karnataka and Kerala, the report drives the case for integrating equity into climate action planning, enabling Indian city officials, planners, consultants and community members to deepen their understanding of urban climate hazards, its causes and its impact on communities

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The working paper, identifies specific battery technologies that are preferred for powering e-buses in different geographical locations across the world and assesses their performance under different environmental conditions. The paper studies how different stress factors contribute to the ageing of batteries and their overall impact on the automotive life of e-bus batteries. It also provides…